Lorentz force promotes the crystal formation of charged mineral particles and ions contained in waterinside the pipe, and such crystal remains floating in the solution inside the pipe so that it no longer adheres to the rigid pipe wall. The previously existing scale layer becomes softened and loosened, so it gets easily discharged. In addition, iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) is changed to magnetite (Fe₃O₄), in turn preventing the growth of rust.